ROJoson’s Notes circa 1993.
CHANGING AND EMERGING VIEWS ABOUT EDUCATION
CODE: (C) – Conventional views (E) – Emerging views
MEANING AND PURPOSE OF EDUCATION
(C) As a process, education is:
preserving and transmitting knowledge;
preserving and transmitting cultural values;
developing the individual’s potential.
(E) As a process, it is using, testing, and expanding knowledge;
A process of cultural continuity and cultural change;
Developing the individual’s potential in the context of his
society; developing his capacities for performing his
social, economic, political and other roles in society; it
is a process of human capital formation.
(C) As a product, education is acquiring knowledge for the “sake
of knowledge,” measured in terms of the individual’s ability
to verbalize his knowledge and by scores in achievement
tests, certificates and diplomas.
(E) As a product, education is change in patterns of behavior as
a result of learning and measured in terms of performance
and behavior.
VENUE AND SOURCE OF EDUCATION
(C) Mainly schools, teachers and books. Education is place-bound
and time-bound.
(E) School, non-school, books, mass media, teachers and other
experts, and society at large. Education is not constrained
by time, place and personal circumstances.
VALUES OF EDUCATION
(C) A social good and an item of consumption.
(E) A social as well as an economic good; it is a form of
investment and has value only if it produces social and
economic returns to the individual and to society.
FOR WHOM IS EDUCATION?
(C) Mainly for children and youth.
(E) For all, regardless of age and personal circumstances.
NATURE OF THE LEARNER
(C) Mainly children with very little knowledge and who need to be
motivated to learn what the experts believe is good for
them.
(E) The learner has his learning aspirations and expectations and
is motivated; therefore he partly determines what he should
learn.
LEARNING THEORIES AND TEACHING
(C) Based on the view that the learner needs to be motivated:
theory of motivation, conditioning; teaching strategies:
drill, memoriter, recall, dependence and reliance on the
teacher.
(E) Theories of reinforcement, cognitive dissonance, transfer of
learning, Gagne’s hierarchy of learning. Strategies of
learning: problem-solving, valuing process, discovery method,
role playing, simulation, and games.
CONTENT OF EDUCATION
(C) Accumulated knowledge of the past and values and practices
that worked in the past; such knowledge is fixed and
absolute.
(E) Visions of the future projected on the basis of past and
present knowledge; knowledge is considered tentative until
confirmed or disconfirmed.
ROJ@17sept13
ROJOSON's Blog on Medical Education 