Breast Health Problem – Problem-based Learning – Triggers

Breast Problem 

Trigger 1:

Patient with a BREAST problem.

Questions:

1. What are the general goals in the management of a patient with a BREAST problem?

2. What are the four main functions of a physician in the management of a patient with a  BREAST  problem?  Sequence chronologically the functions.

3. What are the usual BREAST problems in terms of general pathology and specific conditions?

4. What are the usual treatment of BREAST problems?

5. What are the usual chief complaints of patients with a BREAST problem?

 

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Patient with a BREAST problem.

Questions:

1. What are the general goals in the management of a patient with a BREAST problem?

Resolution of the BREAST health problem

ending in a live patient

with no disability, dysfunction, and complication

who is satisfied (with no medicolegal suit)

2. What are the four main functions of a physician in the management of a patient with a BREAST  problem?  Sequence chronologically the functions.

Rapport – Diagnosis – Advice – Treatment – Advice

Rapport —————————————————>

What are the usual BREAST problems in terms of general pathology and specific conditions?

Inflammatory                      Malignant                             Nonmalignant

Mastitis                                                                                   Fibroadenoma

Breast abscess                                                                     Macrocyst

Tuberculosis                                                                          Phyllodes tumor

Galactocoele

Developmental aberrations

 

4. What are the usual treatment of BREAST problems?

 

Nonoperative                                                       Operative

Advice                                                    Aspiration

Analgesics                                                              Excision

Antibiotics

 

5. What are the usual chief complaints of patients with a BREAST problem?

Mastalgia (breast pain)

Breast lump

Nipple discharge

Breast skin changes

 

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Trigger 2:

30-year-old female with chief complaint of  a MASS on one BREAST.

Questions:

1. What is the health problem of the patient and where is it located in terms of

system/organ/tissue involvement?

2. What is the general anatomy of the system/organ/tissue involved (at both macroscopic and microscopic level)?

3. What are the usual general functions of the system/organ/tissue involved in the health problem of the patient?

4. What is a BREAST MASS? How do you determine whether a BREAST MASS is really

present or not?

5. What is clinical examination of the BREAST? What do you look for?  How do you do it?

When you do you say you have done an adequate clinical examination of the BREAST?

How do you interpret your findings?

6. How will you precede if NO BREAST MASS is present?

7. What are the usual causes of a BREAST MASS in terms of general pathology and specific conditions?

8. What are the usual treatment of common BREAST MASSES?

9. What are the clinical cues for the different BREAST MASSES? Outline a clinical diagnostic algorithm you will follow in case a BREAST MASS is really present.

10. In the absence of data on signs and symptoms, just based on prevalence data, and just based on age and sex, what could the BREAST MASS possibly be?

11. After establishing rapport with the patient on the initial contact, what will be the next thing you will do to solve the health problem of the patient?

12. What is the clinical diagnostic process? What are its goals?

13. What essential information do you need if you proceed from your impression based on age and sex data and if you will utilize the clinical diagnostic algorithm that you set up?

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ROJ@17nov14